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Zachariah Allen (September 15, 1795 – March 17, 1882) was an American textile manufacturer, scientist, lawyer, writer, inventor and civil leader from Providence, Rhode Island. He was educated at Philips Exeter Academy and at Brown University where he graduated in 1813.〔(Brown University )〕 Allen became a textile manufacturer and in 1822 constructed a woolen mill in which he incorporated innovative fire-safety features and his own mechanical improvements. He also built the first hot-air furnace system for the heating of homes. In 1833 he patented his best-known device, the automatic cut-off valve for steam engines.〔''A History of the Growth of the Steam Engine'', Robert H. Thurston, 1978, pg.318 ()〕 He founded the Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company in 1835, the forerunner of the present day insurance company FM Global. Allen was also a prolific writer of scientific texts and wrote numerous books and articles during his lifetime. ==Early life== Zachariah Allen was born on September 15, 1795 in Providence, Rhode Island to Zachariah and Anne (Crawford) Allen.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Zachariah Allen Papers )〕 His older brother Philip, served Rhode Island as governor (1851–1853) and later as a United States senator (1853–1859). Allen's father died in 1801, when he was only five years old, so he was mostly raised by his mother, and acquired a love of knowledge, particularly science at an early age.〔(Memorial of Zachariah Allen, Amos Perry, 1883 )〕 He was educated at a school in Medford, Massachusetts, then later at Philips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire.〔The Biographical Cyclopedia of Rhode Island, p. 260〕 Allen's mother Anne died in 1808, just a year before he entered Brown University, where he graduated in 1813. Allen later served as a trustee of the University from 1826 to 1882.〔(Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Volume 19 )〕 Upon graduation from Brown, he briefly considered a career in medicine, but instead studied law for two years in the office of James Burrill, and admitted to practice in the Rhode Island Courts in 1815. In 1817, Allen married Eliza Harriet Arnold, the daughter of Welcome Arnold, a well-known Providence merchant who had participated in the Gaspee Affair in 1772. The Allens had three daughters, Anne Crawford, Mary Arnold and Candace. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zachariah Allen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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